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Exercise 6.3 · Q1

Q.If a⃗=i^−2j^+3k^, b⃗=2i^+j^−2k^, c⃗=3i^+2j^+k^\vec a=\hat i-2\hat j+3\hat k,\ \vec b=2\hat i+\hat j-2\hat k,\ \vec c=3\hat i+2\hat j+\hat k, find

(i) (a⃗×b⃗)×c⃗(\vec a\times\vec b)\times\vec c
(ii) a⃗×(b⃗×c⃗)\vec a\times(\vec b\times\vec c).
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Both parts use the expansion formula p⃗×(q⃗×r⃗)=(p⃗⋅r⃗)q⃗−(p⃗⋅q⃗)r⃗\vec p\times(\vec q\times\vec r)=(\vec p\cdot\vec r)\vec q-(\vec p\cdot\vec q)\vec r, applied to the two DIFFERENT bracketings — the results differ, confirming the vector triple product is not associative.

Step 1. Useful dot products. a⃗⋅b⃗=(1)(2)+(−2)(1)+(3)(−2)=2−2−6=−6\vec a\cdot\vec b=(1)(2)+(-2)(1)+(3)(-2)=2-2-6=-6; a⃗⋅c⃗=(1)(3)+(−2)(2)+(3)(1)=3−4+3=2\vec a\cdot\vec c=(1)(3)+(-2)(2)+(3)(1)=3-4+3=2; b⃗⋅c⃗=(2)(3)+(1)(2)+(−2)(1)=6+2−2=6\vec b\cdot\vec c=(2)(3)+(1)(2)+(-2)(1)=6+2-2=6.

Step 2. Part (i): (a⃗×b⃗)×c⃗=(c⃗⋅a⃗)b⃗−(c⃗⋅b⃗)a⃗(\vec a\times\vec b)\times\vec c=(\vec c\cdot\vec a)\vec b-(\vec c\cdot\vec b)\vec a (treating c⃗\vec c as crossing first: (a⃗×b⃗)×c⃗=−c⃗×(a⃗×b⃗)=−[(c⃗⋅b⃗)a⃗−(c⃗⋅a⃗)b⃗]=(c⃗⋅a⃗)b⃗−(c⃗⋅b⃗)a⃗(\vec a\times\vec b)\times\vec c=-\vec c\times(\vec a\times\vec b)=-[(\vec c\cdot\vec b)\vec a-(\vec c\cdot\vec a)\vec b]=(\vec c\cdot\vec a)\vec b-(\vec c\cdot\vec b)\vec a).

=2b⃗−6a⃗=2(2i^+j^−2k^)−6(i^−2j^+3k^)=(4i^+2j^−4k^)−(6i^−12j^+18k^)=−2i^+14j^−22k^.=2\vec b-6\vec a=2(2\hat i+\hat j-2\hat k)-6(\hat i-2\hat j+3\hat k)=(4\hat i+2\hat j-4\hat k)-(6\hat i-12\hat j+18\hat k)=-2\hat i+14\hat j-22\hat k.

Step 3. Part (ii): a⃗×(b⃗×c⃗)=(a⃗⋅c⃗)b⃗−(a⃗⋅b⃗)c⃗\vec a\times(\vec b\times\vec c)=(\vec a\cdot\vec c)\vec b-(\vec a\cdot\vec b)\vec c.

=2b⃗−(−6)c⃗=2(2i^+j^−2k^)+6(3i^+2j^+k^)=(4i^+2j^−4k^)+(18i^+12j^+6k^)=22i^+14j^+2k^.=2\vec b-(-6)\vec c=2(2\hat i+\hat j-2\hat k)+6(3\hat i+2\hat j+\hat k)=(4\hat i+2\hat j-4\hat k)+(18\hat i+12\hat j+6\hat k)=22\hat i+14\hat j+2\hat k.

Step 4. Compare. (a⃗×b⃗)×c⃗=−2i^+14j^−22k^(\vec a\times\vec b)\times\vec c=-2\hat i+14\hat j-22\hat k is clearly different from a⃗×(b⃗×c⃗)=22i^+14j^+2k^\vec a\times(\vec b\times\vec c)=22\hat i+14\hat j+2\hat k — confirming once more that the vector triple product is not associative.

✓Final answer

  1. (a⃗×b⃗)×c⃗=−2i^+14j^−22k^(\vec a\times\vec b)\times\vec c=-2\hat i+14\hat j-22\hat k.
  2. a⃗×(b⃗×c⃗)=22i^+14j^+2k^\vec a\times(\vec b\times\vec c)=22\hat i+14\hat j+2\hat k.

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