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Exercise 6.3 · Q6

Q.If a⃗,b⃗,c⃗,d⃗\vec a,\vec b,\vec c,\vec d are coplanar vectors, show that (a⃗×b⃗)×(c⃗×d⃗)=0⃗(\vec a\times\vec b)\times(\vec c\times\vec d)=\vec 0.

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Applying the vector triple product expansion to p⃗×(c⃗×d⃗)\vec p\times(\vec c\times\vec d) with p⃗=a⃗×b⃗\vec p=\vec a\times\vec b produces two scalar triple products, [a⃗,b⃗,d⃗][\vec a,\vec b,\vec d] and [a⃗,b⃗,c⃗][\vec a,\vec b,\vec c] — and coplanarity of all four vectors makes both of these exactly zero.

Step 1. Apply the vector triple product expansion. With p⃗=a⃗×b⃗\vec p=\vec a\times\vec b:

(a⃗×b⃗)×(c⃗×d⃗)=p⃗×(c⃗×d⃗)=(p⃗⋅d⃗)c⃗−(p⃗⋅c⃗)d⃗=[(a⃗×b⃗)⋅d⃗]c⃗−[(a⃗×b⃗)⋅c⃗]d⃗=[a⃗,b⃗,d⃗]c⃗−[a⃗,b⃗,c⃗]d⃗.(\vec a\times\vec b)\times(\vec c\times\vec d)=\vec p\times(\vec c\times\vec d)=(\vec p\cdot\vec d)\vec c-(\vec p\cdot\vec c)\vec d=\big[(\vec a\times\vec b)\cdot\vec d\big]\vec c-\big[(\vec a\times\vec b)\cdot\vec c\big]\vec d=[\vec a,\vec b,\vec d]\vec c-[\vec a,\vec b,\vec c]\vec d.

Step 2. Use the coplanarity hypothesis on [a⃗,b⃗,c⃗][\vec a,\vec b,\vec c]. Since a⃗,b⃗,c⃗,d⃗\vec a,\vec b,\vec c,\vec d are all coplanar, in particular a⃗,b⃗,c⃗\vec a,\vec b,\vec c are three coplanar vectors, so [a⃗,b⃗,c⃗]=0[\vec a,\vec b,\vec c]=0 (Theorem 6.4). …

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