Q.How will you get desired traits in animals by using modern biotechnology ? Give examples.

Modern biotechnology introduces desired traits into animals mainly through assisted-breeding technologies (like MOET) and by directly inserting a specific foreign gene to create transgenic animals.

Traditional selective breeding is slow because it depends on naturally occurring variation and many generations of crossing. Modern biotechnology speeds this up and allows precise trait introduction in several ways: (i) Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology (MOET), where a superior/elite female is treated with hormones to induce multiple ovulations, the resulting embryos are collected and transferred into surrogate mothers, allowing many offspring with desirable maternal genetics to be produced quickly; (ii) production of transgenic animals, where a gene of interest is directly inserted into the animal's genome using recombinant DNA techniques -- for example, transgenic fish carrying an extra growth-hormone gene grow faster and larger, and transgenic cows/goats have been engineered to secrete therapeutically useful human proteins (such as alpha-1-antitrypsin) in their milk; and (iii) gene knockout technology, used to study gene function by disabling a specific gene, which also helps identify genes responsible for particular traits or diseases. Together these methods let bree …