The table summarises the well-established direction of India's long-run structural change across the three sectors.

The primary sector's shares of both output and employment are declining, while the secondary sector's employment share is rising only slowly. Only the tertiary sector shows a clearly rising trend on both counts, though its rise in employment lags its rise in output because high-value branches like IT and finance do not employ workers in proportion to the output they generate. …

The table is a simplified, illustrative summary of a well-documented long-run pattern in India's structural change, and can be read as follows.

1. Looking across the three rows, only the tertiary sector shows a rising trend in both its share of GVA and its share of employment. The primary sector's share is declining on both counts (though its employment share remains comparatively large relative to its shrinking output share), and the secondary sector's employment share is rising only slowly, without the same clear rise in its GVA share. The tertiary sector is therefore the one sector expanding its footprint in the economy on both measures at once.
2. Even so, the table itself shows that the tertiary sector's employment share rises more slowly than its GVA share, so that a gap between the two persists. The reason lies in the composition of the sector discussed earlier in this chapter: its fastest-growing, highest-value branches — software and IT-enabled services, banking and finance, professional and business services — are relatively skill- and capital-intensive, meaning they generate a great deal of output and export earnings without requiring proportionately large numbers of workers. By contrast, the branches of the tertiary sector that do employ very large numbers of workers — small-scale retail trade, personal services, much of urban transport — tend to be considerably lower in productivity, and therefore contribute less to GVA, per worker employed, than the high-value branches d …

Read the table row by row, identify which sector rises on both measures, then connect the smaller rise in employment share to the earlier discussion of the sector's skill- and capital-int …

A common slip is answering only part (a) and treating the table as self-explanatory for part (b), without connecting the employment-output gap back to the underlying reason (the differin …