In the long form of the periodic table, how many periods and how many groups are there, and what determines an

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Q. In the long form of the periodic table, how many periods and how many groups are there, and what determines an element's period number?

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Step 1. The long form of the periodic table has 7 horizontal rows, called periods, numbered 1 to 7.

Step 2. It has 18 vertical columns, called groups, numbered 1 to 18 under the current IUPAC convention.

Step 3. An element's period number is fixed by the highest principal quantum number ( $n$ ) of any shell its electrons occupy — e.g. sodium ( $1s^2\,2s^2\,2p^6\,3s^1$ ) uses shells up to $n=3$ , so it is in Period 3.

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n

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Q.In the long form of the periodic table, how many periods and how many groups are there, and what determines an element's period number?

Concept understanding — Structure of the Modern Periodic Table

Q.In the long form of the periodic table, how many periods and how many groups are there, and what determines an element's period number?

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