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Exercise · Q19

Q.Give the orbital notation and the general shape of the boundary surface for

(a) l=0l = 0 and
(b) l=1l = 1.
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(a) l=0l = 0: the ss orbital. An ss orbital's boundary surface is a sphere centred on the nucleus -- the probability of finding the electron is the same in every direction at a given distance from the nucleus. Higher ss orbitals (2s2s, 3s3s, …) remain spherical overall but contain one or more internal spherical nodes.

(b) l=1l = 1: the pp orbital. A pp orbital's boundary surface consists of two identical lobes lying on opposite sides of the nucleus along a single axis, touching at the nucleus -- commonly described as dumbbell-shaped. A nodal plane, on which the probability of finding the electron is zero, passes through the nucleus perpendicular to that axis, separating the two lobes. Each pp …

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