Q.With the help of a labelled diagram, describe the gross anatomy of the human female reproductive system.

[!TLDR]

The female reproductive system comprises the ovaries, fallopian tubes (infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus), a three-layered uterus, the cervix, the vagina and the external genitalia.

[!ANSWER]

Ovaries -> fallopian tubes (infundibulum/fimbriae -> ampulla -> isthmus) -> uterus (perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium) -> cervix -> vagina -> vulva.

The female reproductive system centres on a pair of ovaries in the pelvic cavity, each producing ova and secreting oestrogen and progesterone. Close to each ovary lies the funnel-shaped, fimbriated infundibulum of a fallopian tube, which sweeps up the released egg; the infundibulum leads into a wider ampulla (the normal site of fertilisation) and then a narrower isthmus that opens into the uterus. The uterus is a single, thick-walled, muscular, inverted-pear-shaped organ with three wall layers: an outer serous perimetrium, a thick contractile myometrium, and an inner glandular endometrium, which changes across the menstrual cycle and is where a blastocyst implants. The lower, narrow cervix opens into the vagina, a muscular, distensible canal serving as both the copulatory canal and, at term, part of the birth canal, opening to the exterior at the vulva (labia majora, labia minora and clitoris).

[!ANSWER]

Ovaries -> fallopian tubes (infundibulum/fimbriae -> ampulla -> isthmus) -> uterus (perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium) -> cervix -> vagina -> vulva.

Trace the tract from ovary to the exterior (ovary -> fallopian tube parts -> uterus wall layers -> cervix -> vagina -> vulva), naming the structures and functions at each stage.

Describing the fallopian tube's three parts in the wrong order, or omitting that fertilisation occurs specifically in the ampulla (ampullary-isthmic junction) rather than anywhere along the tube.