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Q.EU tried and failed to create a European constitution. Does this always happen in constitution-making?

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The EU's failed attempt at a single constitution is a real example of constitution-making going wrong, but it is not the general rule — India's own successful process is the chapter's central counter-example.

The cartoon "The Feuding Fathers" depicts the European Union's own attempt to create a single European constitution collapsing amid disagreement among its framers — a genuine, documented instance of constitution-making failing. But the chapter's broader argument, built around the case of India, shows this outcome is far from universal: constitutions crafted by unpopular or hastily negotiated processes with no shared underlying legitimacy tend to struggle, but constitutions like India's, South Africa's, and the United States', which emerged out of popular national movements that had already earned wide public trust, succeeded in producing lasting, authoritative documents.

What made India's case different from the EU's is instructive: the EU was attempting to unite a set of long-established, separately sovereign nation-states with very different histories and no single shared national movement behind the effort, whereas India's Constituent Assembly, whatever its imperfections, drew on decades of a comparatively unified nationalist movement that had already built broad cross-community trust in its leadership. This underlying popular foundation, more than anything about the mechanics of drafting itself, is what the chapter credits for India's success where the EU's own attempt failed.

✓Final answer

No — constitution-making does not always fail; the EU's own failure is a real but not universal example, and India's (along with South Africa's and the United States') successful process shows that a credible, popularly-rooted mode of promulgation can produce a lasting constitution.

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