On the given political outline map of India (on page 23), locate and label any five of the following seven geo

Question 13 of 21

Q. On the given political outline map of India (on page 23), locate and label any five of the following seven geographical features with appropriate symbols : (30.1) The state with highest density of population (30.2) The easternmost city of India having more than 10 million population (30.3) The leading cotton producing state (30.4) Oil Refineries located in Uttar Pradesh (30.5) Coal mines located in Tamil Nadu (30.6) Major seaport located in Odisha (30.7) International Airport located in Punjab [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.30 — Answer any five questions out of the following: (30.1) Name the state of India with highest density of population. (30.2) Name the leading cotton producing state. (30.3) In which place of Uttar Pradesh are oil refineries located ? (30.4) Name the easternmost city of India having more than 10 million population. (30.5) In what state are the Khetri copper mines located ? (30.6) In which state is Tuticorin seaport located ? (30.7) In which place is the international airport of Punjab located ?]

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Concept understanding — Map Interpretation

Map Interpretation: A First Look

The Intuition — Why "Map"?

Imagine you have a real-world city (say, New Delhi) and a paper map of that city. The map is not the city itself — it's a representation. Every point on the map corresponds to exactly one point in the real city. And every point in the real city has a spot on the map (if the map is complete).

Now, think of a function $f: X \to Y$ between two sets $X$ and $Y$ .

$X$ is like the paper map (the domain).
$Y$ is like the real city (the codomain).
The function $f$ tells you: "For each point on the map, here is the real-world location it represents."

That's the core idea: a function is a mapping from one set to another.

The Precise Statement

In mathematics, map (or mapping) is just another word for function.

A map $f$ from a set $X$ to a set $Y$ is a rule that assigns exactly one element of $Y$ to each element of $X$ .

We write:

f: X \to Y

For every $x \in X$ , there is a unique $y \in Y$ such that $f(x) = y$ .

Key points to remember:

Domain ( $X$ ): the set of all "inputs" (the map's points).
Codomain ( $Y$ ): the set of all possible "outputs" (the real city's points).
Image (or range): the set of actual outputs $\{ f(x) : x \in X \}$ — not necessarily all of $Y$ .

Why "Map Interpretation"?

When you interpret a map, you are doing the reverse:

Given a point $y$ in the codomain (the real city), you ask: "Which points on the map correspond to this?"

This leads to the idea of the preimage (or inverse image):

f^{-1}(y) = \{ x \in X : f(x) = y \}

If $f$ is one-to-one (injective), each $y$ has at most one $x$ .
If $f$ is onto (surjective), every $y$ has at least one $x$ .
If $f$ is bijective, every $y$ has exactly one $x$ — the map is a perfect, reversible representation.

A Simple Example

Let $X = \{ \text{Delhi}, \text{Mumbai}, \text{Chennai} \}$ and $Y = \{ \text{North}, \text{West}, \text{South} \}$ .

Define a map $f$ :

$f(\text{Delhi}) = \text{North}$
$f(\text{Mumbai}) = \text{West}$
$f(\text{Chennai}) = \text{South}$ …

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This map-based question tests knowledge of India's demographic, agricultural, industrial, and infrastructural geography. The answers are: (30.1) Bihar, (30.2) Kolkata, (30.3) Gujarat, (30.4) Mathura, (30.5) Neyveli, (30.6) Paradip, (30.7) Amritsar.

Map Interpretation

Map-based questions in geography assess your ability to connect factual knowledge with spatial understanding. Each feature represents a key aspect of India's human or economic geography: population distribution reflects resource availability and historical settlement patterns, agricultural zones depend on soil and climate, industrial locations follow raw-material or market logic, and transport infrastructure connects economic nodes. The skill lies in recalling not just the fact but its precise location.

Let me work through five of the seven features systematically:

1. The state with highest density of population (30.1)

Population density measures people per square kilometre. Bihar consistently records the highest density among Indian states, exceeding 1,100 persons/km². This stems from the fertile Indo-Gangetic plains supporting intensive agriculture, historical urbanisation along the Ganga, and limited out-migration until recent decades. On the map, Bihar occupies the middle Gangetic plain, bordered by Uttar Pradesh to the west, West Bengal to the east, Nepal to the north, and Jharkhand to the south.

Answer: Bihar

2. The easternmost city of India having more than 10 million population (30.2)

Only five Indian cities cross the 10-million mark in their metropolitan populations: Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, and Bengaluru. Among these, Kolkata lies farthest east, at approximately 88.4°E longitude, on the Hooghly River in West Bengal. It served as the colonial capital until 1911 and remains the commercial hub of eastern India.

Answer: Kolkata

3. The leading cotton producing state (30.3)

Gujarat dominates India's cotton production, contributing over 30% of national output. The black cotton soil (regur) of the Saurashtra and Kutch regions, combined with adequate rainfall and irrigation from the Narmada and Sabarmati, creates ideal conditions. Gujarat also leads in cotton textile manufacturing, with Ahmedabad historically known as the "Manchester of India."

Answer: Gujarat

4. Oil Refineries located in Uttar Pradesh (30.4)

Uttar Pradesh hosts a major oil refinery at Mathura, operated by Indian Oil Corporation. Commissioned in 1982 with a capacity of 8 million tonnes per annum (later expanded to 13.2 MTPA), it processes crude oil transported via pipeline from Salaya (Gujarat) and supplies petroleum products to northern India. Mathura lies on the Yamuna River, about 150 km south of Delhi.

Answer: Mathura

5. Major seaport located in Odisha (30.6) …

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Same / Similar Concept — real previous-year questions on the same or a closely similar concept, not this exact question.

CBSE 2022Set 61/1/12 marks
$Q. On the given political outline Map of India, locate and label any one of the following with appropriate symbol. (1 + 1 = 2) (I)$
(a) The State where Gandhiji withdrew Non-Cooperation Movement. (1)
(OR)
$(b) The State where Gandhiji started Satyagraha for the Kheda peasants. (II) On the same outline Map of India, a place related to the Capital city of Mughal Empire is marked as A. Identify it and write its name on the lines drawn near them.$
(1) [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.10: (I) Name any one capital city of Mughal Empire.
(1) (II)
(a) Mention any one centre related to the Revolt of 1857. (1)
(OR)
$(b) Name the State where Jallianwala Bagh event took place.]$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Part (a): Uttar Pradesh — Chauri Chaura, where Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922.

Part (b): Gujarat — the Kheda Satyagraha; the Mughal capital A is Delhi (or Agra).

Part (b): Punjab — where the Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place at Amritsar.

This map question pairs a National-Movement location with the identification of a Mughal capital. The point A can only be named exactly from the printed map.

Part (a)

State where the Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn. The Non-Cooperation Movement, launched in 1920, was suddenly called off by Gandhi in February 1922 after a mob at Chauri Chaura set fire to a police station and killed policemen; Gandhi would not let the movement continue once it had turned violent. Chauri Chaura lies near Gorakhpur in Uttar Pradesh, so the state to be located and labelled is Uttar Pradesh.

Part (b) …
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CBSE 2022Set 61/2/12 marks
$Q. (10.1) On the given political outline map of India (on page 11), locate and label any one of the following with appropriate symbol :$
(a) The place where Gandhiji withdrew Non-Cooperation Movement. (1)
(OR)
$(b) The place where Gandhiji started Satyagraha for the planters of Gujarat.$
(1) (10.2) On the same political outline map of India, a place related to the capital city of Mughal Empire is marked as ‘A’. Identify it and write its name on the line drawn near it.
(1) [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.10: (10.1) Name any one capital city of the Mughal Empire.
(1) (10.2)
(a) Mention any one place related to the centre of the Revolt of 1857. (1)
(OR)
$(b) Name the State where the Jallianwala Bagh event took place. (1)]$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Part (a): Gandhiji withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement at Chauri Chaura (Uttar Pradesh).

Part (b): The Gujarat peasant Satyagraha was at Kheda (mill-workers' at Ahmedabad); a Mughal capital marked "A" would be Delhi/Agra/Fatehpur Sikri.

Part (b): Jallianwala Bagh is in Amritsar, so the State is Punjab.

This is a map-based question that asks the student to locate and label historical places on the political outline map of India. The map itself is not reproduced here, so the answers below supply the correct places to be identified.

Part (a) …
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CBSE 2022Set 61/3/12 marks
$Q. On the given political outline map of India, locate and label any one of the following with appropriate symbol : I.$
(a) The place where mutiny started in 1857. (1)
(OR)
$(b) The place where Gandhiji broke the Salt law. II. On the same outline map of India, a place related to Capital city of the Mughal Empire has been marked as A. Identify it and write its name on the line drawn near it.$
(1) [Visually Impaired alternative in lieu of Q.10: I.
(a) Name the place from where mutiny started on 10th May, 1857. (1)
(OR)
$(b) Name the place where Gandhiji broke the Salt law. II. Name any one Capital city of Mughal Empire. (1)]$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Part (a): the 1857 mutiny started at Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) on 10 May 1857.

Part (b): Gandhi broke the Salt Law at Dandi (Gujarat coast, 6 April 1930); the Mughal capital A is Delhi (or Agra).

Part (b): Gandhi broke the Salt Law at Dandi; a Mughal capital is Delhi (or Agra).

The point A can only be named exactly from the printed map; the choices below are answered from their historical significance.

Part (a)

Where the 1857 mutiny started. The Indian Rebellion of 1857 — often called the First War of Independence — broke out at Meerut on 10 May 1857. Sepoys of the Bengal Army, angered by the imprisonment of comrades who had refused the greased Enfield cartridges, rose against their officers, freed the prisoners and then marched on Delhi, where they proclaimed Bahadur Shah Zafar emperor. Meerut lies in western Uttar Pradesh, about 70 km north-east of Delhi, and should be marked there.

Part (b)

Where Gandhi broke the Salt law, and the Mughal capital A. On 6 April 1930 Gandhi concluded his 24-day, 240-mile march from Sabarmati by picking up a lump of natural salt at Dandi, a small village on the Gujarat coast near Navsari, thereby breaking the British salt monopoly and launching the Civil Disobedience Movement. Dandi is on the southern Gujarat coast, south of Surat. For part II, the point A is related to the capital city of the Mughal Empire; on a political outline this is normally Delhi (Shahjahanabad, capital of Shah Jahan and the later Mughals) or Agra (capital under Akbar), depending on where A is marked. The Visually Impaired alternative asks only for the place from which the mutiny started on 10 May 1857 — Meerut.

Part (b) …
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Map Interpretation

1. The state with highest density of population (30.1)

2. The easternmost city of India having more than 10 million population (30.2)

3. The leading cotton producing state (30.3)

4. Oil Refineries located in Uttar Pradesh (30.4)

5. Major seaport located in Odisha (30.6) …

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