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Exercise · Q20

Q.Explain the trend of the following in group 13 elements :
atomic radii

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Step 1. State the general trend. Table 9.2 gives atomic radii B 88, Al 143, Ga 135, In 167, Tl 170 pm. Radius generally increases down a group as successive shells are added.

Step 2. Identify and explain the anomaly. Ga (135 pm) is smaller than Al (143 pm) directly above it. Problem 9.2 explains this: going from Al to Ga, ten of the eighteen added electrons fill the poorly-shielding inner 3d subshell, so Ga's outer electrons feel a stronger effective nuclear pull than the added shell alone would suggest, shrinking its radius below Al's. …

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