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Miscellaneous Exercise 3 (II) · Q109

Q.Prove the following: 1+tan⁡3xx+1+cot⁡3xx=sec⁡x cosec x−2sin⁡xcos⁡x\dfrac{1+\tan^3x}{\phantom{x}}+\dfrac{1+\cot^3x}{\phantom{x}}=\sec x\,\text{cosec}\,x-2\sin x\cos x

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Concept understanding — Trigonometric Functions of Multiple and Submultiple Angles

A multiple angle is an integer multiple of a given angle, such as 2θ2\theta (double) or 3θ3\theta (triple); a submultiple angle is the given angle expressed as a multiple of a smaller one, such as writing θ\theta as twice θ2\dfrac{\theta}{2}. Every double- and triple-angle formula is obtained by treating 2θ=θ+θ2\theta=\theta+\theta and 3θ=2θ+θ3\theta=2\theta+\theta and applying the compound-angle formulas of the sum-and-difference concept: sin⁡2θ=2sin⁡θcos⁡θ\sin2\theta=2\sin\theta\cos\theta, cos⁡2θ=cos⁡2θ−sin⁡2θ=2cos⁡2θ−1=1−2sin⁡2θ\cos2\theta=\cos^2\theta-\sin^2\theta=2\cos^2\theta-1=1-2\sin^2\theta, tan⁡2θ=2tan⁡θ1−tan⁡2θ\tan2\theta=\dfrac{2\tan\theta}{1-\tan^2\theta}, sin⁡3θ=3sin⁡θ−4sin⁡3θ\sin3\theta=3\sin\theta-4\sin^3\theta, cos⁡3θ=4cos⁡3θ−3cos⁡θ\cos3\theta=4\cos^3\theta-3\cos\theta and tan⁡3θ=3tan⁡θ−tan⁡3θ1−3tan⁡2θ\tan3\theta=\dfrac{3\tan\theta-\tan^3\theta}{1-3\tan^2\theta}. Writing the same relations with θ\theta replaced by θ2\dfrac{\theta}{2} turns them into …

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