Q.Grouping similar and related jobs into departments such as production, marketing and finance is known as:
(A) Delegation
(B) Departmentalisation
(C) Decentralisation
(D) Staffing

Organizing is the process of arranging and grouping activities, assigning them to people, and setting up authority–responsibility relationships to carry out the plans of the organisation.

Organizing is the second function of management, performed after planning. It converts plans into action by creating a structure of duties and relationships. It is an important topic in the Maharashtra HSC OCM syllabus (aligned with the NCERT/CBSE treatment of the functions of management).

Meaning: Organizing means arranging the human and material resources of a business in a systematic way. It involves deciding what work is to be done, dividing it into manageable tasks, grouping related tasks into departments, assigning them to suitable persons, and giving them the necessary authority.

Steps in organizing:

• Identifying and dividing the total work into activities.
• Grouping similar activities into departments (departmentation).
• Assigning duties to individuals according to their ability.
• Establishing clear authority–responsibility relationships so everyone knows to whom they report.

Importance: it ensures a clear division of work, avoids duplication and confusion, fixes responsibility, promotes coordination, and provides a definite organisational structure for effective functioning.

Organising is the second function of management — it builds the framework of tasks, authority and resources needed to carry out the plans made earlier.

Meaning: After objectives and plans are decided (planning), the organisation must be structured so the work actually gets done. Organising is the function of dividing the total work into manageable activities, grouping related activities, assigning them to suitable persons, and giving each person the authority and resources required.

Key features:

• It creates a structure of relationships — who reports to whom, and who is responsible for what.
• It brings together the human and material resources of the business in an orderly way.
• It defines authority and responsibility so there is no confusion or overlap of duties.
• It ensures the optimum use of resources and smooth coordination between departments.

Good organising avoids duplication of work, fixes accountability and makes it easy to expand the business in future.