Q.Write a short note on AIDS.
AIDS is a usually fatal, incurable syndrome caused by HIV, which destroys T4 lymphocytes and leaves the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections; it spreads via unsafe sex, blood/needles and mother-to-child transmi...
Step 1. AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by HIV, a retrovirus that specifically destroys the body's T4 (helper T) lymphocytes, progressively weakening the immune system.
Step 2. This leaves the patient vulnerable to life-threatening opportunistic infections, neurological disorders and unusual malignancies; without treatment it is usually fatal, and it is considered a modern worldwide pandemic.
Step 3. HIV spreads via unsafe sexual contact, blood (transfusion or shared needles), and mother-to-child transmission (placental or via breast milk) — but not via casual contact such as hugging or handshakes.
Step 4. Diagnosis uses an initial ELISA screening test, confirmed by the more specific Western Blot. There is no cure, but Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) can reduce the viral load and significantly prolong the patient's life; prevention (education, screened blood, safe practices) remains the primary defence.
A usually fatal immune-system disease caused by HIV, spread via blood/sexual contact/mother-to-child, diagnosed by ELISA + Western Blot, and managed with lifelong antiretroviral therapy (no cure)
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