Q.vii. For the reaction Ni(s) + Cu$^{2+}$ (1M) $\longrightarrow$ Ni$^{2+}$ (1M) + Cu (s), $E^0_{cell}$ = 0.57V $\Delta G^0$ of the reaction is a. 110 kJ
b. -110 kJ
c. 55 kJ
d. -55 kJ

Electrical work done by a galvanic cell equals charge passed times cell potential, $nFE_{cell}$; Gibbs (1878) identified this with the decrease in Gibbs energy of the cell reaction, giving $\Delta G=-nFE_{cell}$ and, under standard conditions, $\Delta G^0=-nFE^0_{cell}$. Because $\Delta G^0$ is extensive (scales with reaction amount) while $n$ scales identically when the equation is multiplied by any factor, their ratio $E^0_{cell}=-\Delta G^0/nF$ stays constant — proving $E^0_{cell}$ is an intensive property. Since $\Delta G<0$ for spontaneity, $E_{cell}$ must be positive for a spontaneous cell reaction. Combining $\Delta G^0=-nFE^0_{cell}$ with the general thermodynamic relation $\Delta G^0=-RT\ln K$ gives $E^0_{cell}=\dfrac{0.0592}{n …