Q.Define cell constant. Draw a neat and well labelled diagram of primary reference electrode.

By Ohm's law, resistance $R=V/I$; conductance $G=1/R$ (unit siemens, S). Since $R=\rho\dfrac{l}{a}$ for a conductor of length $l$ and cross-section $a$, conductance follows $G=k\dfrac{a}{l}$, where $k$ (conductivity, or specific conductance) is the conductance of a unit cube (1 cm³ or 1 m³) of the solution — the SI unit is $S\,m^{-1}$, the common unit $\Omega^{-1}cm^{-1}$. Because $k$ depends on how many current-carrying ions occupy each unit volume, it always DECREASES on dilution: although the total number of ions in the whole solution rises somewhat with dilution (more of the electrolyte dissociates), that rise is never proportional to the dilution itself, so the ion density (ions per cm³) actually fa …