Q.How root climbers differ from stem climbers?

Root climbers cling to their support with adventitious roots produced at the nodes, while stem climbers rely entirely on the stem — twining around or gripping the support with stem-derived tendrils — with no special climbing roots involved.

Climbers are weak-stemmed plants that use some structural modification to gain mechanical support from a neighbouring object or plant while growing upward toward light. They are grouped by what structure performs the climbing function:

Root climbers: these produce adventitious roots at the nodes along the stem. These roots grow directly into or wrap tightly around the crevices/surface of the support (walls, tree trunks), anchoring the plant firmly as it grows. The stem itself does not twine or coil. Examples: Piper betle (betel vine), Pothos, Tecoma, English ivy (Hedera).

Stem climbers: the stem itself is the climbing organ, in one of two ways:

• Twiners, where the stem itself coils/twines helically around the support as it grows (e.g., Dolichos, Ipomoea). …