Q.How many different kinds of gametes will be produced by a plant having the genotype AABbCC?

The Law of Independent Assortment states that when two or more pairs of characters are combined in a hybrid, the segregation of one pair of alleles is independent of the segregation of any other pair - genes located on different chromosomes assort into gametes at random with respect to one another. This is what makes a dihybrid F1 (such as RrYy) produce four kinds of gametes - RY, Ry, rY and ry - in equal proportions, rather than just the two combinations inherited from its parents, and it is what generates the two new recombinant phenotype classes seen in a 9:3:3:1 F2 ratio that neither original parent possessed. The law specifically concerns the relationship between different genes, in contrast to the Law of Segregation, which concerns only the two alleles of a single gene; independent assortment is also the direct cause of genetic diversity in gametes, and, more broadly, one of the core mechanisms generating variation for natural selection to act on in sexually reproducing organisms.