Q.Water is very essential for life. Write any three features for plants which enable them to survive in water scarce environment.

Xerophytes are plants adapted to dry (xeric) habitats, where dryness may be physical (genuinely little water in the soil) or physiological (water present but inaccessible, e.g. in salty/acidic soil lacking capillary spaces). They fall into three categories: ephemerals/drought-escapers, which dodge dryness by completing their life cycle within one short favourable season rather than structurally resisting it (Argemone, Mollugo, Tribulus, Tephrosia); succulents/drought-enduring plants, which store water in their tissues to draw on through dry periods (Opuntia, Aloe, Bryophyllum, Begonia); and non-succulents/drought-resistant true xerophytes, which face dryness structurally, both externally and internally (Casuarina, Nerium, Ziziphus, Acacia). Morphologically: extensively developed roots (often larger than the shoot system) with well-developed root hairs/caps; hard, woody, wax- or hair-covered stems, sometimes with whole internodes converted into fleshy phylloclades (Opuntia) or cladodes (Asparagus), or a petiole converted into a phyllode (Acacia melanoxylon); leathery, shiny leaves, sometimes reduced to spines (from stipules, e.g. Euphorbia, Ziziphus, Capparis, or from the whole leaf, e.g. Opuntia) or scales (Asparagus), and dense-haired 'trichophyllous' foliage in some c …