Q.What are some solutions to toxic dumping in our oceans?

Step 1. The chapter identifies oil leaks and spills -- from ship collisions, offshore rig accidents, and discharge into the sea -- as a major point-source-like contributor to ocean pollution, illustrated by the real 2017 Ennore coast oil spill in Chennai, which required over a thousand volunteers to clean up.

Step 2. Preventing this class of toxic dumping starts with regulating pollutant discharge at the point of generation and pre-treating wastewater before release, using dedicated Sewage Treatment Plants and Effluent Treatment Plants, so that toxic effluent never reaches the ocean untreated in the first place.

Step 3. When spills do occur, prompt clean-up response (as the 1,000-plus volunteer effort after the Ennore spill demonstrates) limits the extent of damage, since oil films block light/oxygen entry, raise BOD/COD, and can cause mass death of marine organisms the longer they persist. …

Combine the chapter's water-pollution control measures (discharge regulation, treatment, legal enforcement) with its oil-spill-specific exam …

• Answering only about oil spills without generalising to other forms of toxic ocean dumping (industrial effluent, plastic). …