Zoology · Class 11 Science

Ch 5Locomotion and Reproduction in Protozoa — Class 11 Zoology, concept-first.

Flagella and cilia are both hair-like, motile cell extensions used for locomotion in protozoans, and both share the same fundamental internal architecture, called the axoneme.

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Flagellar and Ciliary Locomotion

Flagella and cilia share the same internal "9+2" axoneme — nine outer doublet microtubules ringed around a central pair of single microtubules.

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Ultrastructure and Mechanics of Flagellar/Ciliary Locomotion

Flagella and cilia are both hair-like, motile cell extensions used for locomotion in protozoans, and both share the same fundamental internal architecture, called the axoneme.

Classification of Flagella by Lateral Appendages

Beyond the shared internal 9+2 axoneme, flagella can differ considerably in their external appearance, particularly in whether and how they bear fine, hair-like lateral outgrowths called mastigonemes…

Pseudopodial Locomotion

Some protozoans, most notably amoeboid forms, move not by beating a flagellum or cilia but by extending temporary projections of their own cell body called pseudopodia ("false feet").

Asexual Reproduction: Binary and Multiple Fission

Protozoans reproduce asexually chiefly by fission — the division of a single parent cell into two or more daughter cells, each essentially a genetic copy of the parent.

Sexual Reproduction: Conjugation

Alongside asexual fission, many ciliate protozoans (such as Paramecium) are also capable of a form of sexual reproduction called conjugation.

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