Q.Write a short note on 'Make in India' and ease-of-doing-business reforms as recent initiatives in India's industrial sector.

Make in India and ease-of-doing-business reforms are recent policy efforts continuing the direction set by the 1991 liberalisation.

In recent years, the Government of India has introduced initiatives aimed at strengthening the manufacturing base and improving the environment for setting up and running industrial enterprises. The Make in India initiative is intended to encourage both domestic and foreign companies to manufacture their products within India, by aiming to make it easier to establish and expand manufacturing capacity and by seeking to attract greater investment into the manufacturing sector. Alongside this, continuing ease-of-doing-business reforms have sought to simplify the regulatory environment facing industry — streamlining company registration, reducing the number and complexity of compliance requirements, and easing investment-approval processes, so that setting up and operating an industrial enterprise in India becomes less procedurally burdensome. These initiatives can be seen as a continuation, in more recent form, of the broad liberalising direction that began with the New Industrial Policy of 1991: rather than regulating industry through licensing and reservation, current policy continues to focus on removing procedural obstacles and actively attracting investment into manufacturing. This chapter deliberately does not cite specific output, investment or ranking figures for these initiatives, since such statistics are updated periodically …

Students sometimes try to quote specific investment figures or global ranking numbers for these initiatives from memory; since such figures change frequently and are easy to misremember, it is safer and mo …