Q.With the help of a labelled diagram, describe the structure of a typical anatropous ovule.

This bent arrangement is the commonest ovule type in flowering plants.

An ovule is attached to the placenta by a stalk called the funicle; the point where the funicle joins the body of the ovule is the hilum. The body of the ovule is covered by one or two protective layers, the integuments, which do not close completely at one end, leaving a narrow opening called the micropyle -- the passage through which the pollen tube commonly enters. Within the integuments lies the nucellus, a mass of tissue that encloses the embryo sac (female gametophyte). The region at the base of the ovule where integuments, nucellus and funicle all merge is the chalaza.

In the anatropous type, the commonest ovule form, the body of the ovule is inverted/bent through about 180 degrees during development so that the funicle becomes fused along one side of the ovule body, bringing the micropyle close to the funicle and hilum, with the chalaza at the opposite end.

Draw the ovule parts from the point of attachment (funicle/hilum) outward to the tip (micropyle), then note the 180-degree bend that defines the anatropous type.

Placing the micropyle at the same end as the chalaza -- in the anatropous ovule they lie close together near the funicle, on the SAME side, not opposite ends of a straight ovule.