Q.Chlorobenzene is fused with NaOH at 623 K and 300 atmospheres, and the product is then acidified. Identify the overall process and the final product.

Chlorobenzene's $\text{C--Cl}$ bond is too strong, and too resistant to ordinary nucleophilic substitution (being at an $sp^2$, aromatic carbon), to react with NaOH under mild conditions, so the Dow process instead forces the reaction using very high temperature and pressure (623 K, 300 atm): $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Cl} + 2\text{NaOH} \xrightarrow{623\text{K},\ 300\text{atm}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{ONa} + \text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$. The resulting sodium phenoxide is then acidified (e.g. with dilute HCl) to protonate the phenoxide ion and liberate the free phenol, $\t …

Identify the harsh fusion conditions as the signature of the Dow process, then track sodium phenoxide as the i …

Stopping at sodium phenoxide as the 'final product' and forgetting the acidification step n …