Q.How is excessive content of CO2 responsible for global warming?

Sunlight (mostly visible/UV) passes through the atmosphere and warms the Earth's surface. The surface then re-emits this energy as infrared (long-wavelength) radiation, and CO$_2$ molecules absorb this infrared radiation and re-radiate part of it back towards the surface instead of letting it escape to space. As human activity (burning fossil fuels, deforestation) keeps raising atmospheric CO$_2$, more …

1. Energy comes in as visible/UV light. Solar radiation, being short-wavelength, passes through the atmosphere largely unabsorbed and warms the Earth's surface.
2. The surface re-radiates as infrared. A warmed surface emits energy back out as longer-wavelength infrared (heat) radiation.
3. CO$_2$ absorbs this outgoing infrared. Unlike short-wavelength sunlight, CO$_2$ molecules strongly absorb infrared radiation (due to their vibrational modes) and re-emit part of it in all directions, including back down towards the Earth — trapping heat that would otherwise escape into space. This natural process is the "greenhouse effect," and without any of it the Earth would be far colder. …

Explain the greenhouse-effect mechanism: incoming short-wavelength solar radiation passes through the atmosphere and is re-emitted by the surface as long-wavelength infrared, which CO$_2$ absorbs and re-radiates back down. Link rising anthropogenic …

• Saying CO$_2$ "blocks sunlight," when in fact it is transparent to incoming visible light and instead traps outgoing infrared.
• Presenting the greenhouse effect itself as inherently bad, without clarifying that it is the excess human-caused CO$_2$ that c …