Question 17 of 41
Q.Discuss the reasons for low Agriculture productivity of agriculture sector.
(OR)
Since 1966 modern agriculture emerged in India. Discuss in the context of modern agriculture in detail.
Gujarat GsebGujarat Board (GSEB) HSC Commerce Board 2020Subjective· 5mImportance★★★★★
41% · 17/41 Questions
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Low farm productivity: tiny fragmented holdings, monsoon dependence/poor irrigation, old methods, weak finance, poor inputs and backward farmers. OR: after 1966 the Green Revolution (HYV seeds, fertilisers, irrigation, mechanisation, credit) modernised agriculture and made India food self-sufficient.
Reasons for low agricultural productivity in India:
- Small and fragmented land holdings: Tiny, scattered plots make the use of machines and modern methods difficult and uneconomical.
- Dependence on the monsoon / inadequate irrigation: A large part of farming depends on rainfall, so productivity suffers when the monsoon fails.
- Old and traditional techniques: Continued use of outdated tools and methods instead of modern technology.
- Poor-quality inputs: Use of inferior seeds, insufficient fertilisers and pesticides, lowering yields.
- Lack of finance and rural indebtedness: Shortage of cheap credit forces farmers to borrow at high interest, keeping them poor and unable to invest.
- Defective land tenure system: Insecure tenancy and exploitation by intermediaries reduced farmers' incentive to improve land.
- Social and economic backwardness: Illiteracy, poverty and conservatism of farmers slow the adoption of new methods.
- Inadequate marketing and storage facilities, and pressure of population on land.
OR — Modern agriculture in India since 1966 (Green Revolution):
From about 1966, India adopted a new agricultural strategy — the Green Revolution — to raise food production and end dependence on imports. Its main features were:
- High-Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds: Introduction of improved, high-yield seeds (especially of wheat and rice) that greatly increased output per hectare.
- Chemical fertilisers and pesticides: Greater use of fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides to boost yields and protect crops.
- Assured irrigation: Expansion of irrigation facilities (canals, tube-wells, pump-sets) to reduce dependence on the monsoon.
- Mechanisation: Use of tractors, threshers, harvesters and pump-sets for modern cultivation. …
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