Q.Identify '1' and '2' in the following diagram (see figure). Write in brief about production of vaccine.
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →1 = Attenuated/killed antigen (the inactivated pathogen preparation); 2 = Preservative/stabiliser (added while mixing with the diluent).
A vaccine is produced by inactivating the pathogen and combining it with a diluent (plus a stabilising additive) to give a safe, immunogenic preparation.
Vaccine production begins with culturing the disease-causing microorganism (bacterium or virus) in bulk. The organisms are then inactivated/killed (or attenuated, i.e. weakened) using heat, chemicals or radiation — labelled box '1' in the flow diagram — a step that destroys the organism's ability to cause disease while preserving its surface antigens, which are what the immune system needs to recognise and respond to. This inactivated-antigen preparation is then combined with a diluent (a sterile carrier liquid, often saline) after passing through an additive/preservative step — labelled box '2' — which may add stabilisers or adjuvants to enhance shelf life and i …
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