Q.State the various statements of second law of thermodynamics.

Step 1. Entropy statement: the entropy of an isolated system increases during a spontaneous process; for an irreversible process $\Delta S_{total}>0$, while for a reversible process $\Delta S_{total}=0$.

Step 2. Kelvin-Planck statement: it is impossible to construct a machine that absorbs heat from a hot source and converts it completely into work by a cyclic process, without transferring part of that heat to a cold sink -- explaining why no heat engine can be 100% efficient.

Step 3. Clausius statement: it is impossible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir without doing some (external) work. …

List all three named statements the chapter gives, each in …

• Giving only one or two of the three statements when the question explicitly asks f …