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I. Multiple Choice Questions · Q5

Q.The average translational kinetic energy of gas molecules depends on

(a) number of moles and T
(b) only on T
(c) P and T
(d) P only
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Step 1. Kinetic theory gives two related but distinct quantities: the average kinetic energy of a SINGLE molecule, KE‾=32kT\overline{KE}=\tfrac32kT, which depends only on TT; and the total kinetic energy (internal energy) of the WHOLE gas sample, U=NKE‾=32NkT=32μRTU=N\overline{KE}=\tfrac32NkT=\tfrac32\mu RT, which depends on both TT and the amount of gas present.

Step 2. This question asks about 'the average translational kinetic energy of gas molecules' as a property of the sample -- i.e. the total kinetic energy content carried collectively by the gas molecules present -- which scales directly with μ\mu (more moles means more molecules, each still carrying 32kT\tfrac32kT, so the total is proportionally larger) as well as with TT. …

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