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II. Short Answer Questions · Q1

Q.Why is current a scalar?

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✓ Free question

Step 1. Current density J⃗\vec J genuinely is a vector -- it points in the direction positive charge is flowing at a given point.

Step 2. The total current I through a chosen surface is defined as I=J⃗⋅A⃗I=\vec J\cdot\vec A, the scalar (dot) product of J⃗\vec J with the surface's area vector A⃗\vec A.

Step 3. A dot product of two vectors always produces a single number (a scalar), never another vector -- so however directional the underlying charge flow is, I itself is a scalar quantity that combines by ordinary algebraic addition (exactly as used in Kirchhoff's current rule), not by vector addition.

Step 4. I can still be assigned a positive or negative sign, depending on which way the surface's normal is chosen, but this sign is a bookkeeping convention and does not make I a vector.

✓Final answer

Current is a scalar because it is defined through the dot product I=J⃗⋅A⃗I=\vec J\cdot\vec A of the current density vector with the area vector, and a dot product always yields a single scalar number, not a vector.

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