Q.Explain the working of Daniel cell with a neat diagram.

The Daniell cell is a primary electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a zinc-copper redox reaction into electrical energy, using a porous partition to separate the two electrolytes.

1. Construction: a copper vessel (or rod) immersed in copper sulphate ($CuSO_4$) solution acts as the cathode (positive electrode); a zinc rod immersed in dilute sulphuric acid or zinc sulphate ($ZnSO_4$) solution, contained inside a porous pot placed within the copper vessel, acts as the anode (negative electrode). The porous pot allows ion migration but prevents the two solutions from mixing freely.
2. Oxidation at the anode: at the zinc electrode, zinc atoms lose electrons and pass into solution as $Zn^{2+}$ ions: $Zn \to Zn^{2+} + 2e^-$.
3. Reduction at the cathode: the electrons released flow through the external circuit to the copper electrode, where $Cu^{2+}$ ions from solution gain these electrons and are deposited as metallic copper: $Cu^{2+} + 2e^- \to Cu$. …