Q.Write short notes on the following: i) Raschig process ii) Dow's process iii) Darzen's process

Step 1 (i) Raschig process. A mixture of benzene vapour, air and HCl is passed over heated cupric chloride (525 K), giving chlorobenzene + H2O -- valued industrially because it uses cheap HCl/air instead of expensive Cl2 gas as the chlorine source, and is the standard commercial route to chlorobenzene.

Step 2 (ii) Dow's process. Chlorobenzene is heated with NaOH under forcing conditions (623 K, 300 atm), displacing the chlorine as chloride and installing -OH in its place, giving phenol + NaCl -- the classic demonstration that even a resistant aryl C-Cl bond CAN undergo nucleophilic substitution given enough temperature and pressure. …

State each named process's starting material, reagent/conditions and product in turn: Raschig (benzene to chlorobenzene), Dow's (chlorobenzene to phenol), Darzen's (alcohol to chloroalkane) -- three …

• Mixing up Raschig and Dow's process, since both involve chlorobenzene -- Raschig process MAKES chlorobenzene (from benzene), while Dow's process CONSUMES chlorobenzene (conve …