Q.Give the microbial source and the industrial use of each of the following enzymes:

[!TLDR] Lipase (fats, detergents), pectinase (fungal, juice clarification), streptokinase (Streptococcus, clot-dissolving drug).

[!ANSWER] (a) Lipase -- produced by various microbes, used in detergents to break down fatty stains;

(b) Pectinase -- produced by fungi, used to clarify fruit juices by breaking down pectin;

(c) Streptokinase -- produced by Streptococcus, used medically as a 'clot buster' after heart attacks.

Each of these enzymes has a distinct microbial source and industrial application. Lipase, produced by various microorganisms, is an enzyme that breaks down fats; it is added to laundry detergent formulations, where it helps remove fatty and oily stains from fabric during washing. Pectinase, produced by certain fungi, breaks down pectin -- the substance that otherwise keeps fruit juice cloudy -- and is used in the fruit-juice industry to clarify juices, giving them a clear appearance. Streptokinase, produced by the bacterium Streptococcus, is modified for medical use as a thrombolytic ('clot buster') drug, injected into patients following a heart attack to dissolve blood clots that are blocking the coronary arteries and restore blood flow.

[!ANSWER] Lipase = fat-breakdown enzyme for detergents; Pectinase = fungal enzyme that clarifies fruit juice; Streptokinase = Streptococcus-derived clot-dissolving drug used after heart attacks.

For each enzyme, recall its microbial source first, then its specific industrial/medical application -- these are commonly paired facts in this topic.

A common mix-up is confusing streptokinase's medical use (dissolving existing clots after a heart attack) with a blood-thinning or clot-preventing action -- it specifically breaks down clots that have already formed.