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Sex Determination · Q28

Q.Explain haplodiploid sex determination in honeybees. How does the number of chromosome sets an individual develops from determine whether it becomes a fertile queen/worker (female) or a drone (male)?

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Step 1. A fertilised honeybee egg (union of haploid egg + haploid sperm) is diploid (2n) and always develops into a female — a queen or worker, the distinction decided by larval diet (royal jelly), not by any further genetic difference.

Step 2. An unfertilised egg develops by parthenogenesis, remains haploid (n), and always develops into a male drone.

Step 3. Because drones are haploid, they have no homologous chromosome partners, so they produce sperm by mitosis (not meiosis) — meaning all of one drone's sperm are genetically identical to each other and to the drone. …

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