Right to Freedom

Articles 19 to 22 together form the Right to Freedom, the group of Fundamental

Rights that protects an individual's basic liberties against the state. Article 19 lists six

distinct freedoms available to citizens: the freedom of speech and expression, the freedom to

assemble peacefully without arms, the freedom to form associations and unions, the freedom to move

freely throughout India, the freedom to reside and settle in any part of India, and the freedom to

practise any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade, or business. Every one of these

freedoms can be subjected to "reasonable restrictions" by law, on grounds specific to each freedom

-- for instance, restrictions on speech in the interest of public order or the sovereignty of India.

Articles 20 to 22 add a different, and equally important, layer of protection: they safeguard a

person's life, personal liberty, and fair treatment when accused of a crime or held in detention. …