Q.What kinds of pluralities and inequalities among societies does the chapter describe, besides the example of poverty? Give two examples.

Besides poverty, the chapter points to inequalities in nutrition, in access to services, and in the conditions of work and housing across different groups in the same society.

Poverty is the chapter's most developed example of inequality, but it explicitly presents poverty as only one instance of a much wider set of pluralities and inequalities running through what appears, at first glance, to be a single society.

One clear further example is the coexistence of hunger and over-nutrition within the same society — reports of chronic hunger and child malnutrition appearing at the very same time as India being ranked among the world's more obese countries, with over-eating and weight-related health problems affecting another section of the population entirely. That hunger and obesity exist side by side, rather than one replacing the other, is itself evidence of deeply unequal access to food and resources across different groups within the same national population.

A second example is unequal access to basic services and opportunities more broadly. The chapter cites data showing access to sanitation facilities nationally at a little over 60 per cent, meaning a substantial minority of the population lacks it, and explicitly points towards similar gaps existing in education, health, and employment as further indicators worth investigating. These are not the same inequality as poverty measured in income terms — they are separate dimensions of disadvantage that can affect people differently.

A third example, presented visually in the chapter through its photographs, is the contrast in working conditions and living circumstances within the same economy: agricultural labourers harvesting and threshing grain by hand, and workers (including women and children) breaking stones by railway lines, set against the very different working lives of, for instance, surgeons operating in a hospital theatre — and, separately, the contrast between established working-class neighbourhoods and slum localities as very different kinds of housing and living conditions within the same urban society.

Taken together, these examples — hunger alongside obesity, unequal access to sanitation/education/health/employment, and the sharp contrast between manual daily-wage labour or slum housing and secure professional work or stable neighbourhoods — show that inequality within a society is genuinely plural: it shows up differently in food, in services, and in work and housing, and a sociologist has to notice all of these dimensions rather than treating poverty as the only or complete picture.