Ch 1Principles of Management — Class 12 Organisation of Commerce and Management, concept-first.

"Principles of Management" is the opening chapter of the Std XII (HSC) Organisation of Commerce and Management (OCM) syllabus under the Maharashtra State Board (MSBSHSE) HSC Commerce course.

In everyday language, a principle is a basic truth or a general statement that explains the relationship between two or more things, or between a cause and its likely effect.

Principles of management are not merely academic statements — they carry real, practical value for anyone who actually has to manage people and resources.

Frederick Winslow Taylor, an American mechanical engineer working in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, is widely regarded as the father of Scientific Management.

Henri Fayol, a French mining engineer and later a managing director, is widely regarded as the father of modern (administrative) management theory.

Although Taylor and Fayol were contemporaries and both are considered pioneers of management thought, their approaches differed sharply in focus, scope and method, because each was studying management…

Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.