Nomenclature of Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Having classified aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids by carbon skeleton in section 12.2, this section turns to how each family is actually named. Because aldehyde and carboxylic-acid names are closely related to one another (an aldehyde's trivial and IUPAC name is typically built directly from the corresponding acid's), section 12.3.1 covers aldehyde and carboxylic-acid nomenclature together, working through both the older trivial-name system and the modern, unambiguous IUPAC system. Section 12.3.2 then covers ketone nomenclature on its own, since ketone names follow a genuinely different pattern (built from the two …