Q.Write the IUPAC names of the following structures :

A carboxylic acid's trivial name is often historic (formic acid from Formica/ant, acetic acid from acetum/vinegar, propionic/butyric from Latin fat/butter roots), with substituent position labelled alpha, beta, gamma... from the carbon adjacent to -COOH, exactly as for aldehydes. Under IUPAC rules, an aliphatic carboxylic acid's name is the parent alkane's name with the final '-e' replaced by '-oic acid' (family name 'alkanoic acid'), always numbered so the -COOH carbon is C1, since -COOH can only ever sit at a chain end. Two -COOH groups at opposite chain ends give a 'dioic acid' suffix (alkane '-e' retained). An alicyclic acid is named a 'cycloalkane carboxylic acid'. Where a ring carries two …