Q.Nitrobenzene is reduced with $\text{Fe}/\text{HCl}$. Identify the product and write a balanced equation for the reduction, noting the role of the acid.

A nitro compound, $\text{R}-\text{NO}_2$, is made from a haloalkane and alcoholic

$\text{AgNO}_2$ (the covalent silver salt directs $\text{CN}^-$-style ambident nitrite

to attack through its softer nitrogen end, giving the nitro compound rather than the

isomeric nitrite ester that the ionic sodium salt would favour). Its central importance

is as a controllable route to a primary amine: strong reducing systems

($\text{Fe}/\text{HCl}$, $\text{Sn}/\text{HCl}$, catalytic $\text{H}_2$) carry the

reduction fully through to the amine, while the milder, near-neutral

$\text{Zn}/\text{NH}_4\text{Cl}$ deliberately halts the reduction at the intermediate

hydroxylamine stage -- the same starting material, steered to two different products

purely by choice of reagent.