Q.(a) Draw a sectional view of human ovary. Label the following parts :

Showing the 12 most recent of 22 on this concept.

1. CBSE 2026Set 57/1/11 markMCQ
   Q.Select the option that shows correct statements :

   (i) Corpus luteum secretes progesterone.

   (ii) Only FSH attains a peak level in middle of cycle.

   (iii) LH surge induces rupture of graafian follicle.

   (iv) Luteal phase of menstrual cycle is also called proliferative phase. Options : (A) Only

   (ii) is correct. (B)

   (i) and

   (iii) are correct. (C) Only

   (iv) is correct. (D)

   (ii) and

   (iv) are correct.

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   The corpus luteum does secrete progesterone, and the LH surge does trigger ovulation by rupturing the Graafian follicle — making statements (i) and (iii) correct.

   The menstrual cycle is a precisely orchestrated hormonal dance, and understanding which hormones do what, and when, is essential to grasping reproductive physiology. Let's examine each statement in turn.

   Statement (i): Corpus luteum secretes progesterone.

   This is absolutely correct. After ovulation, the ruptured Graafian follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure in the ovary. The corpus luteum's primary job is to secrete large amounts of progesterone, along with some estrogen. Progesterone prepares the endometrium for implantation by making it thick, vascular, and secretory. If fertilization doesn't occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone levels drop, and menstruation begins. This is a fundamental fact of the luteal phase.

   Statement (ii): Only FSH attains a peak level in middle of cycle.

   This is incorrect. While FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) does rise during the follicular phase to stimulate follicle development, it is not the only hormone that peaks mid-cycle. In fact, the defining hormonal event of mid-cycle is the LH surge — a dramatic spike in luteinizing hormone that occurs around day 14 of a typical 28-day cycle. Both LH and FSH show elevated levels at this time, but the LH surge is far more pronounced and is the direct trigger for ovulation. So the statement that "only FSH" peaks is factually wrong.

   Statement (iii): LH surge induces rupture of Graafian follicle.

   This is correct. The LH surge is the hormonal signal that causes the mature Graafian follicle to rupture and release the secondary oocyte — the process we call ovulation. Without this surge, ovulation simply does not happen. The LH surge typically occurs about 24–36 hours before ovulation, making it the critical event that marks the transition from the follicular to the luteal phase.

   Note

   The LH surge is so reliable that ovulation predictor kits work by detecting elevated LH levels in urine, giving couples a window for conception.

   Statement (iv): Luteal phase of menstrual cycle is also called proliferative phase. …

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2. CBSE 2026Set 57/1/11 markMCQ
   Q.Which connective tissue connects ovary to pelvic wall and uterus ? (A) Tendons (B) Ligaments (C) Cartilage (D) Bone

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Ligaments are the connective tissues that anchor the ovary to both the pelvic wall and the uterus, holding the reproductive organs in their proper anatomical positions.

   The female reproductive system sits within the pelvic cavity, and like all internal organs, it needs structural support to remain in place during movement, posture changes, and the various physiological processes it undergoes. This is where connective tissues come into play—but not all connective tissues serve the same purpose.

   Tendons are specialized connective tissues, but their job is to attach muscle to bone, enabling movement when muscles contract. They have no role in suspending or anchoring organs within body cavities. Cartilage provides cushioning at joints and structural support in places like the nose, ears, and trachea—again, not relevant to holding ovaries in position. Bone forms the rigid framework of the skeleton itself; while the pelvic bones create the cavity that houses the reproductive organs, they don't directly connect to the ovaries.

   Ligaments, however, are fibrous connective tissues designed specifically to connect bone to bone or to anchor organs to the body wall. In the female reproductive system, several ligaments perform this anchoring function:

   • The ovarian ligament connects each ovary to the lateral wall of the uterus
   • The suspensory ligament of the ovary (infundibulopelvic ligament) attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall
   • The broad ligament is a fold of peritoneum that helps support the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries …

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3. CBSE 2026Set A1 markMCQ
   Q.What is the main role of large amount of progesterone secreted by corpus luteum?

   (a) maintenance of endometrium of uterus

   (b) maintenance of perimetrium of uterus

   (c) maintenance of myometrium of uterus

   (d) None of these

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Progesterone from the corpus luteum maintains the uterine endometrium, preparing/keeping it ready for the embryo.

   After ovulation, the remaining follicle forms the corpus luteum, which secretes large amounts of progesterone. Progesterone is essential for maintaining the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) in a thick, secretory, well-supplied state. This maintained endometrium is necessary for the imp …

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4. CBSE 2025Set 57/6/11 markMCQ
   Q.Given below are a few statements with respect to spermatogenesis in a human male.

   (i) Sperms are released from the seminiferous tubules by the process of spermiation.

   (ii) Spermiogenesis involves the maturation of spermatids into sperms.

   (iii) Spermatogonia produce spermatids by the process of spermiogenesis.

   (iv) Meiosis II in secondary spermatocytes results in the formation of four equal haploid spermatids.

   (v) Primary spermatocyte completes the first meiotic division forming two equal, diploid cells called secondary spermatocytes. Choose the option with all true statements from the given options : (A) (i),

   (ii) and

   (iv) (B) (ii),

   (iii) and

   (v) (C) (ii),

   (iv) and

   (v) (D) (i),

   (iii) and (iv)

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Spermatogenesis involves the transformation of spermatogonia into mature sperms through meiosis and differentiation, culminating in their release from the seminiferous tubules.

   Spermatogenesis is the intricate process by which immature male germ cells, called spermatogonia, develop into mature spermatozoa (sperms) within the seminiferous tubules of the testes. This process begins at puberty and continues throughout a male's life, ensuring a continuous supply of gametes for reproduction. It involves a series of mitotic divisions, meiotic divisions, and a final differentiation phase.

   Let's break down the key stages and then evaluate the given statements:

   • Spermatogonia: These are diploid (2n) undifferentiated germ cells located on the inside wall of the seminiferous tubules. They multiply by mitotic division, increasing their numbers. Some spermatogonia differentiate into primary spermatocytes.
   • Primary Spermatocytes: These are also diploid (2n) cells. Each primary spermatocyte then undergoes the first meiotic division (Meiosis I). This is a reductional division, meaning the chromosome number is halved.
   • Secondary Spermatocytes: After Meiosis I, each primary spermatocyte forms two equal, haploid (n) cells called secondary spermatocytes. These cells have 23 chromosomes, each with two chromatids.
   • Spermatids: Each secondary spermatocyte then rapidly undergoes the second meiotic division (Meiosis II). This is an equational division, similar to mitosis, where sister chromatids separate. As a result, two equal, haploid (n) spermatids are formed from each secondary spermatocyte. Therefore, from one primary spermatocyte, a total of four haploid spermatids are produced.
   • Spermiogenesis: This is the process of differentiation where the non-motile, round spermatids are transformed into elongated, motile spermatozoa (sperms). During this phase, the spermatids develop a head, middle piece, and tail.
   • Spermiation: After spermiogenesis, the heads of the newly formed sperms become embedded in the Sertoli cells (nurse cells) for nourishment. Once mature, they are finally released from the seminiferous tubules by a process known as spermiation.

   Now, let's evaluate each statement:

   • (i) Sperms are released from the seminiferous tubules by the process of spermiation.

     • This statement is True. As described above, spermiation is the final step where mature spermatozoa are released from the Sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.

   • (ii) Spermiogenesis involves the maturation of spermatids into sperms.

     • This statement is True. Spermiogenesis is precisely the morphological transformation and differentiation of haploid spermatids into mature, motile spermatozoa.

   • (iii) Spermatogonia produce spermatids by the process of spermiogenesis. …

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5. CBSE 2025Set A1 markMCQ
   Q.Which part of the ovule is attached to the funicle?

   (a) Micropyle

   (b) Hilum

   (c) Integuments

   (d) Chalaza

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   The hilum is the junction between the ovule and its funicle (stalk).

   An ovule is attached to the placenta of the ovary by a stalk called the funicle. The point of attachment of the ovule body to the funicle is called the hilum, and it marks the boundary between the funicle and the ovule proper. Other parts named in the options are elsewhere on the ovule: the micropyle is a pore at the opposite end (near the tip) through which the pollen tube usually enters; the i …

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6. CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
   Q.Which hormone is secreted in large amount by the "Corpus luteum"?

   (a) Testosterone

   (b) Progesterone

   (c) Prolactin

   (d) Thyroxine

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   After ovulation, the ruptured Graafian follicle becomes the corpus luteum, which mainly secretes progesterone.

   Once the ovum is released at ovulation, the remnant of the Graafian follicle transforms into a yellowish endocrine structure called the corpus luteum. Its principal secretion is progesterone, which is essential for maintaining the endometrium of the uterus so that it can support implantation and pregnancy if fertilisation occurs. Testosterone is a …

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7. CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 mark
   Q.Note the relationship between the first two words and fill the missing word.

   (a) Primary sex organ in male : Testes; Primary sex organ in female : _____.

   (b) Leydig cells : Androgen; Corpus luteum : _____.

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Just as the testis (with its Leydig/interstitial cells secreting androgens) is the male primary sex organ, the ovary is the female primary sex organ, and its corpus luteum secretes the hormone progesterone.

   This is a word-relationship (analogy) question testing knowledge of the reproductive organs and their hormone-secreting cells.

   • (a) The testis is the primary sex organ (gonad) in the male, responsible for producing sperm (gametogenesis) and male sex hormones. Its exact female counterpart — the primary sex organ (gonad) responsible for producing ova and female sex hormones — is the ovary. …

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8. CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 mark
   Q.Sketch a neat diagram of a typical anatropous ovule.

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   

   An anatropous ovule is completely inverted along its funicle, bringing the micropyle and chalaza close to each other near the base, with the raphe marking the fused stalk.

   Diagram (labelled description to draw):

   Draw an oval outer body (the ovule, made of the nucellus surrounded by integuments) turned upside-down (180°) relative to its stalk. Label the following parts:

   1. Funiculus — the stalk attaching the ovule to the placenta.
   2. Hilum — the point where the funiculus joins the ovule body.
   3. Raphe — the ridge running along the ovule body, formed because the funiculus is fused lengthwise with the body of the inverted ovule.
   4. Chalaza — the basal region of the ovule where the integuments and nucellus merge (this ends up close to the hilum in an anatropous ovule).
   5. Micropyle — the small pore in the integuments through which the pollen tube enters; in an anatropous ovule it lies close to the funiculus, at the same end as the hilum/chalaza. …

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9. CBSE 2025Set BOTANY1 markMCQ
   Q.Fill in the blank selecting the appropriate one: When pollen tube enters through micropyle into the ovule, it is called ____.

   (a) porogamy

   (b) chalazogamy

   (c) syngamy

   (d) mesogamy

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Pollen-tube entry through the micropyle is porogamy; through the chalaza is chalazogamy; through the integuments/funicle is mesogamy.

   After reaching the ovary, the pollen tube grows towards the ovule to deliver the male gametes. Depending on the point of entry into the ovule it is named:

   • Porogamy - entry through the micropyle (the normal and most common route).
   • Chalazogamy - entry through the chalaza (e.g. Casuarina). …

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10. CBSE 2024Set E1 markMCQ
    Q.Which of the following secretes large amount of progesterone?

    (a) Graafian follicle

    (b) Corpus albicans

    (c) Corpus luteum

    (d) Primary follicle

    ›Reveal solutionSolution

    The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone during the luteal phase.

    After ovulation, the remaining parts of the ruptured Graafian follicle transform into a yellowish endocrine structure called the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of the hormone progesterone, which is essential for maintenance of the endometrium and for preparing it to receive and support a fertilised ovum (implantation and pregnancy).

    …

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11. CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
    Q.Which hormone is secreted by Pituitary gland in human female ?

    (a) LH

    (b) FSH

    (c) Oxytocin

    (d) All of these

    ›Reveal solutionSolution

    LH, FSH and oxytocin are all pituitary hormones involved in female reproduction.

    The anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) secretes the gonadotropins LH and FSH, which regulate ovarian events (follicular development, ovulation and formation/maintenance of the corpus luteum). The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) releases oxytocin, which is important during parturition (uterine contractions) and milk ejection during lactation. Since the pitui …

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12. CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
    Q.Match the following and choose the correct option. Column I Column II

    1. Ovary A) Androgens

    1. Corpus luteum B) Human Chorionic gonadotropin

    1. Leydig cells C) Estrogen + Progesterone

    1. Placenta D) Progesterone only

    (a) 1(A), 2(C), 3(B), 4(D)

    (b) 1(C), 2(D), 3(A), 4(B)

    (c) 1(B), 2(A), 3(C), 4(D)

    (d) 1(A), 2(B), 3(D), 4(C)

    ›Reveal solutionSolution

    Ovary → Estrogen + Progesterone, Corpus luteum → Progesterone only, Leydig cells → Androgens, Placenta → hCG, which gives option (b) 1(C), 2(D), 3(A), 4(B).

    Matching each source to its principal secretion:

    1. Ovary — its follicles secrete both estrogen and progesterone, the two chief female sex hormones (option C).
    2. Corpus luteum — the structure formed from the ruptured Graafian follicle after ovulation; it secretes mainly progesterone to maintain the uterine lining for a possible pregnancy (option D). …

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