Q.Differentiate: Internal or anatomical differences between monocots and dicots leaves.

Step 1. Overall symmetry: a dicot leaf is dorsiventral, with a darker, sun-facing upper surface and a paler, shaded lower surface built asymmetrically to match; a monocot leaf is isobilateral, with both surfaces roughly equally illuminated and structurally similar.

Step 2. Stomatal distribution: the dicot leaf has stomata concentrated on the lower epidermis, with few or none on the upper; the monocot leaf is amphistomatic, carrying stomata on both the upper and lower epidermis.

Step 3. Mesophyll organisation: the dicot leaf's mesophyll is clearly split into an upper palisade layer (upright, closely packed, chloroplast-rich) and a lower spongy layer (loose, air-space-rich); the monocot leaf's mesophyll stays a single, roughly uniform mass of chlorenchyma with no palisade/spongy split.

Step 4. Venation and bundles: the dicot leaf shows reticulate (net-like, branching) venation with vascular bundles of varying size; the monocot leaf shows parallel venation with bundles that are more uniform in size, each still conjoint, collateral and closed in both cases. …

Compare dicot vs monocot leaf on symmetry, stomatal distribution, mesophyll differenti …

• Omitting bulliform cells, a distinctive monocot-leaf feature relevant to the 'internal/anatomical differences' asked for. …