Q.Explain the following term/concept.
Controlling

The functions of management run in the order Planning → Organising → Staffing → Directing → Controlling, so the sequence ends with controlling.

Management is a process made up of a series of inter-related functions performed in a logical order:

1. Planning — deciding in advance what to do and how (the first function).
2. Organising — arranging resources and activities and assigning duties.
3. Staffing — filling the roles with the right people.
4. Directing — leading, guiding and motivating people to work.
5. Controlling — measuring actual performance against the planned standards and taking corrective action. …

The management process starts with planning and ends with controlling.

Management is a process made up of a series of functions performed in a logical order:

1. Planning – deciding in advance what to do.
2. Organising – arranging resources and duties.
3. Staffing – putting the right people in the right jobs.
4. Directing – guiding and motivating people at work.
5. Controlling – measuring actual performance, comparing it with the planned standards and taking corrective action.

Why controlling is the last function: …