Q.Define and explain the term: Bioethics.

Step 1. Ethics, broadly, deals with socially acceptable moral duty, conduct and judgement, regulating community behaviour by a shared set of standards that differ by culture and shift over time as science and technology advance.

Step 2. Bioethics narrows this to biology: it studies the moral vision, decisions and policies of human behaviour in relation to biological phenomena or events -- covering issues such as in-vitro fertilisation, sperm banks, gene therapy, cloning, gene manipulation, euthanasia, death, care of comatose patients, and prenatal genetic selection.

Step 3. The era of modern biotechnology has raised new bioethical concerns specifically: the suffering caused to research animals; the violation of species integrity through transgenesis (transferring genes between humans and animals); and the risk that indiscriminate biotechnology use poses to the environment, health and biodiversity. …

• Defining bioethics only as 'ethics in biology' without naming any of the concrete issues it covers (cloning, gene therapy, euthanasia, GMOs). …