Q.Describe in brief, an account of disorders of adrenal gland.

Hyposecretion of adrenal corticoids causes Addison's disease, with symptoms including: extreme weakness/fatigue, low blood pressure (hypotension), bronze/dark pigmentation of the skin, and weight loss.

Adrenal cortex hyposecretion → Addison's disease (weakness, hypotension, skin pigmentation); hypersecretion → Cushing's syndrome (central obesity, hypertension, muscle weakness).

The adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroid hormones (glucocorticoids like cortisol, mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, and small amounts of sex steroids), and abnormalities in their secretion produce distinct, well-recognized clinical disorders.

Hyposecretion (Addison's disease): Caused by insufficient production of adrenal cortical hormones, this disorder presents with symptoms such as: (1) extreme muscular weakness and chronic fatigue, due to disrupted glucose and electrolyte metabolism; (2) low blood pressure (hypotension), because of reduced aldosterone leading to sodium/water loss and reduced blood volume; (3) hyperpigmentation, a bronze or dark discoloration of the skin (especially in sun-exposed areas, skin creases and scars), caused by increased ACTH (and related melanocyte-stimulating hormone activity) as the pituitary tries to compensate for low cortisol. …