Q.Describe in brief an account of disorders of the thyroid.

Grave's disease (exophthalmic goitre) — the hyperthyroid disorder in adults caused by excess secretion of thyroxine, marked by an enlarged thyroid, bulging eyes, weight loss and increased metabolic rate.

Hyperthyroidism in adults produces Grave's disease. …

Cretinism (congenital hypothyroidism).

A child with low BMR, delayed puberty and mental retardation is showing the classic features of cretinism, caused by thyroid hormone deficiency from birth/early childhood.

Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are essential for normal metabolic rate and for the development of the nervous system and skeleton in infants and children. When the thyroid gland fails to secrete adequate hormone from birth (hypothyroidism), the child develops cretinism: growth is stunted, the basal metabolic rate is abnormally low, sexual maturation ( …

Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism/exophthalmic goitre) — caused by excess thyroxine secretion, producing raised BMR, tachycardia, elevated pulse and blood pressure, and exophthalmos (fat deposition behind the eyes).

These are classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism (Grave's disease).

The symptoms described — an increased basal metabolic rate, faster heart rate and pulse, raised blood pressure, and fat deposition in the eye sockets causing the eyeballs to protrude (exophthalmos) — are the hallmark presentation of hyperthyroidism, most commonly due to Grave's disease, an autoimmune condition in which the thyroid gland is over-stimulated to secrete excess thyroxine. Since thyroxine is the principal regulator of the bo …