Q.Name the enzymes involved in making hybrid DNA.

Recombinant DNA is made using restriction endonucleases to cut DNA and DNA ligase to join the pieces.

Genetic engineering to build a hybrid (recombinant) DNA molecule relies on two key classes of enzymes:

1. Restriction endonucleases -- these are bacterial enzymes (e.g. EcoRI, isolated from E. coli) that recognise specific short palindromic base sequences on DNA and cut both strands at or near that site, acting as molecular scissors. They are used to cut open the vector (e.g. a plasmid) and to excise the gene of interest from the donor DNA, often generating complementary sticky ends.
2. DNA ligase -- this enzyme catalyses formation of a phosphodiester bond between the cut ends of the vector DNA and the donor DNA fragment, sealing them together as one continuous recombinant DNA molecule. It acts as molecular glue. …