Q.Genetic engineering is :

Genetic engineering is defined as combining (hybridising) DNA from one organism with that of another to create recombinant DNA with new characteristics.

Working

Genetic engineering, also called recombinant DNA technology, is the direct, deliberate manipulation of an organism's genome using biotechnology tools -- most fundamentally, isolating a gene or DNA segment from a donor organism, cutting it (with restriction enzymes) and joining it (with DNA ligase) into a vector or into the DNA of a different (recipient/host) organism, so that the recipient now carries and can express new genetic information it did not originally have. This is precisely the process of combining/hybridising DNA of one organism with that of another, described in option (d). Checking the distractors: (a) production of alcohol using micro-organisms is a classical fermentation/industrial-microbiology process that does not necessarily involve any deliberate gene manipulation. (b) 'making artificial genes' describes only a narrow technique (chemical gene sy …