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Example · Example 4

Q.If A=[1234]A=\begin{bmatrix}1&2\\3&4\end{bmatrix} and B=[5678]B=\begin{bmatrix}5&6\\7&8\end{bmatrix}, find 3A−2B3A-2B.

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Concept understanding — Matrix Addition and Scalar Multiplication

Addition of two matrices of the same order is defined entrywise, A+B=[aij+bij]A+B=[a_{ij}+b_{ij}], and is undefined if the orders differ. Scalar multiplication of a matrix AA by a real number kk is likewise entrywise, kA=[k aij]kA=[k\,a_{ij}], and subtraction A−BA-B is defined as A+(−1)BA+(-1)B. Both operations satisfy laws that directly mirror ordinary real-number arithmetic: addition is commutative (A+B=B+AA+B=B+A) and associative ((A+B)+C=A+(B+C)(A+B)+C=A+(B+C)), has an additive identity (the zero matrix) and additive inverses (−A-A), and scalar multiplication distribute …

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