Rohan, a 16-year-old student, got injured after colliding with Sachin during a football match. He was having u

Question

Q. Rohan, a 16-year-old student, got injured after colliding with Sachin during a football match. He was having unbearable pain in his ankle, and it was swollen. The coach noticed a collection of blood outside the blood vessel on Sachin's forehead, too. He immediately gave first aid to both and rushed them to the hospital. Answer the following questions based on the above case and your prior knowledge :

(i) What type of injury did Rohan suffer ? (A) Strain (B) Abrasion (C) Sprain (D) Laceration

(ii) Sachin had __________ on his forehead. (A) Contusion (B) Fracture (C) Laceration (D) Incision

(iii) If Sachin suffered abrasion during the injury, which of the following symptoms would he have ? (A) Tear of Ligament (B) Rubbing away of upper layer of epidermis (C) Tear of muscles (D) Instability of joints

(iv) A fracture in a soft bone, in which the bone bends, is known as _____ (A) Comminuted fracture (B) Transverse fracture (C) Greenstick fracture (D) Oblique fracture

CBSECBSE Class XII Board 2026Subjective· 4mImportance★★★★★

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Concept understanding — Sports Injury Classification

Sports Injury Classification

Not every injury on the field is the same, and how a sports injury is classified decides everything that happens next — from first aid to recovery time. The Physical Education syllabus classifies sports injuries in two complementary ways: by cause and by the body structure that is damaged.

Classification by Cause

Direct injuries happen when an external force strikes the body directly at the point of contact — a cricket ball hitting a batsman's finger, a tackle in football landing squarely on the shin.

Indirect injuries occur when a force applied elsewhere in the body produces soft-tissue damage at a different point — for example, a bad landing that twists the ankle while the force actually travelled up through the leg.

Soft tissue injuries damage skin, muscle, or ligament — bruises, sprains, strains, cuts.

Hard tissue injuries damage bone or cartilage — fractures and dislocations.

Overuse injuries are not caused by a single event at all. They build up from repetitive stress: incorrect technique, poor equipment, or excessive training without adequate recovery — think of a bowler who develops a stress fracture from bowling too many overs without rest.

Note

A single injury can belong to more than one of these categories at once. A footballer's twisted ankle from a bad tackle is both an indirect injury (the twisting force) and a soft tissue injury (the ligament that tore).

Classification by Body Structure

Injuries are also grouped by exactly which tissue is hurt:

Skin injuries — Abrasion (scraping against a rough surface), Laceration (an irregular tear), Incision (a clean cut from a sharp edge), Puncture wound (pierced by something pointed), Avulsion (skin torn away).
Soft tissue injuries — Contusion (a bruise/hematoma from a direct blow), Sprain (a ligament stretched or torn at a joint), Strain (a muscle or tendon injury from overstretching or overload).
Joint injuries — Dislocation, where the bone ends at a joint are forced out of their normal position (complete dislocation) or partially out (subluxation).
Bone injuries — Fractures, a break in the continuity of a bone, which can be open (skin broken, bone exposed) or closed (skin intact). …

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(i) (C) Sprain — ligament injury at Rohan's ankle joint; (ii) (A) Contusion — blood collected outside a vessel under Sachin's intact skin; (iii) (B) — an abrasion rubs away the upper layer of the epidermis; (iv) (C) Greenstick fracture — a soft bone bends rather than breaking through.

Concept understanding — reading the injury clues

Each detail in the case points to a specific class of sports injury: a swollen, intensely painful joint after a collision; a collection of blood outside a blood vessel under unbroken skin; a scraped skin surface; and a bone that bends instead of snapping.

(i) Rohan's ankle — Sprain → (C)

The ankle is a joint, and joints are held together by ligaments (bone-to-bone connective tissue). A collision that twists a joint beyond its normal range overstretches or tears a ligament — a sprain — producing exactly Rohan's signs: severe pain and swelling from internal bleeding and inflammation, with no cut on the skin.

(A) Strain — injury to a muscle or tendon, not a joint ligament.
(B) Abrasion — a surface scrape of the skin; nothing suggests that here.
(D) Laceration — an irregular tear/cut of the skin; Rohan's skin is intact.

(ii) Sachin's forehead — Contusion → (A)

"A collection of blood outside the blood vessel" is the precise description of a contusion (bruise): blunt force damages small vessels under the skin, blood leaks into surrounding tissue and collects as a swollen, discoloured patch — with the skin unbroken.

(B) Fracture — needs a broken bone; not described.
(C) Laceration — a torn/cut skin wound; the skin is intact.
(D) Incision — a clean cut by a sharp edge; again, no open wound.

(iii) Symptom of an abrasion → (B)

An abrasion is the scraping injury in which friction against a rough surface rubs away the upper layer of the epidermis — superficial, raw and painful but shallow. …

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Concept understanding — reading the injury clues

(i) Rohan's ankle — Sprain → (C)

(ii) Sachin's forehead — Contusion → (A)

(iii) Symptom of an abrasion → (B)

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