Q.When a p-n-p transistor is operated in saturation region, then its ______

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a semiconductor device with two junctions and three terminals -- emitter (E), base (B), and collector (C) -- in which current is carried by both electrons and holes, formed as two structural types: n-p-n (a thin p-type base sandwiched between two n-type layers) and p-n-p (a thin n-type base sandwiched between two p-type layers). Their circuit symbols are distinguished by the direction of the emitter's arrowhead, pointing outward (away from the base) for n-p-n and inward (towards the base) for p-n-p, which also indicates the direction of conventional current flow in the emitter. Geometrically, a transistor resembles two p-n junction diodes joined back to back at a shared base, but this 'two-diode' picture alone does NOT reproduce genuine transistor action, since real transistor operation depends critically on the base being a single, extremely thin, lightly-doped region shared between both junctions. …